Operators

Operator digunakan untuk melakukan operasi pada variabel dan nilai.

Dalam contoh di bawah ini, kami menggunakan operator + untuk menjumlahkan dua nilai:

print(10 + 5)

Arithmetic Operators

Operator aritmatika digunakan dengan nilai numerik untuk melakukan operasi matematika umum:

Operator	Name	Example
+	Addition	x + y
-	Subtraction	x - y
*	Multiplication	x * y
/	Division	x / y
%	Modulus	x % y
**	Exponentiation	x ** y
//	Floor division	x // y

Assignment Operators

Operator penugasan digunakan untuk menetapkan nilai ke variabel:

Operator	Example	Same As
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3
//=	x //= 3	x = x // 3
**=	x **= 3	x = x ** 3
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3
|=	x |= 3	x = x | 3
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3
:=	print(x := 3)	x = 3; print(x)

The Walrus Operator

Python 3.8 memperkenalkan operator :=, yang dikenal sebagai "operator walrus". Operator ini menetapkan nilai ke variabel sebagai bagian dari ekspresi yang lebih besar:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
count = len(numbers)
if count > 3:
    print(f"List has {count} elements")

if (count := len(numbers)) > 3:
    print(f"List has {count} elements")

Comparison Operators

Operator perbandingan digunakan untuk membandingkan dua nilai:

Operator	Name	Example
==	Equal	x == y
!=	Not equal	x != y
>	Greater than	x > y
<	Less than	x < y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

Operator perbandingan mengembalikan Benar atau Salah berdasarkan perbandingan:

x = 5
y = 3

print(x == y)
print(x != y)
print(x > y)
print(x < y)
print(x >= y)
print(x <= y)

Chaining Comparison Operators

Python memungkinkan Anda untuk merangkai operator perbandingan:

x = 5

print(1 < x < 10)

print(1 < x and x < 10)

Logical Operators

Operator logika digunakan untuk menggabungkan pernyataan kondisional:

Operator	Description	Example
and	Returns True if both statements are true	x < 5 and x < 10
or	Returns True if one of the statements is true	x < 5 or x < 4
not	Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true	not(x < 5 and x < 10)

Identity Operators

Operator identitas digunakan untuk membandingkan objek, bukan jika objek tersebut sama, tetapi jika objek tersebut sebenarnya sama, dengan lokasi memori yang sama:

Operator	Description	Example
is	Returns True if both variables are the same object	x is y
is not	Returns True if both variables are not the same object	x is not y

contoh:

Operator is mengembalikan True jika kedua variabel menunjuk ke objek yang sama:

x = ["apple", "banana"]
y = ["apple", "banana"]
z = x

print(x is z)
print(x is y)
print(x == y)

Perbedaan Antara is dan ==

• is - Memeriksa apakah kedua variabel menunjuk ke objek yang sama di memori

• == - Memeriksa apakah nilai kedua variabel sama

x = [1, 2, 3]
y = [1, 2, 3]

print(x == y)
print(x is y)

Membership Operators

Operator keanggotaan digunakan untuk menguji apakah suatu urutan disajikan dalam suatu objek:

Operator	Description	Example
in	Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object	x in y
not in	Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object	x not in y

Check if "banana" is present in a list:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print("banana" in fruits)

Membership in Strings

Operator keanggotaan juga bekerja dengan string:

text = "Hello World"

print("H" in text) # return True
print("hello" in text) # return False
print("z" not in text) # return True

Bitwise Operators

Operator bitwise digunakan untuk membandingkan angka (biner):

Ops	Nama	Contoh	Deskripsi
&	AND	x & y	Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
|	OR	x | y	Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
^	XOR	x ^ y	Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~	NOT	~x	Inverts all the bits
<<	Zero fill left shift	x << 2	Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off
>>	Signed right shift	x >> 2	Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off

Contoh

# The & operator compares each bit and set it to 1 if both are 1, otherwise it is set to 0
# 6 = 0110
# 3 = 0011
# --------
# 2 = 0010

print(6 & 3) # return 2

# The | operator compares each bit and set it to 1 if one or both is 1, otherwise it is set to 0
# 6 = 0110
# 3 = 0011
# --------
# 7 = 0111

print(6 | 3) # return 7

Operator Precedence

Prioritas (precedence) operator menggambarkan urutan pelaksanaan operasi.

print((6 + 3) - (6 + 3)) # return 0

"""
Parenthesis have the highest precedence, and need to be evaluated first.
The calculation above reads 9 - 9 = 0
"""

print(100 + 5 * 3) # return 115

"""
Multiplication has higher precedence than addition, and needs to be evaluated first.
The calculation above reads 100 + 15 = 115
"""

Urutan Prioritas

Urutan prioritas dijelaskan dalam tabel di bawah ini, dimulai dari prioritas tertinggi di bagian atas:

Operator	Description
()	Parentheses
**	Exponentiation
+x -x ~x	Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT
* / // %	Multiplication, division, floor division, and modulus
+ -	Addition and subtraction
<< >>	Bitwise left and right shifts
&	Bitwise AND
^	Bitwise XOR
|	Bitwise OR
== != > >= < <= is is not in not in	Comparisons, identity, and membership operators
not	Logical NOT
and	AND
or	OR